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๊ฒŒ์ž„ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋ž˜๋ฐ/์ด์‚ฐ์ˆ˜ํ•™ 6

์ด์‚ฐ์ˆ˜ํ•™ ์š”์ ์ •๋ฆฌ (4/5)

Sequences, Recurrence relations, Induction - Overview (์‹œํ€€์Šค, ์žฌ๊ท€๊ด€๊ณ„์‹, ์œ ๋„ - ๊ฐœ์š”) ๋ชฉ์ฐจ 1. Sequences (์‹œํ€ธ์Šค) Definitions (์ •์˜) Recurrence relation (์žฌ๊ท€ ๊ด€๊ณ„) Arithmetic and geometric sequences (์‚ฐ์ˆ  ๋ฐ ๊ธฐํ•˜ํ•™์  ์‹œํ€ธ์Šค) Problems (๋ฌธ์ œ) 2. Inductive proof (๊ท€๋‚ฉ์  ์ฆ๋ช…) 1. Sequences (์‹œํ€ธ์Šค) 1.1 Definitions (์ •์˜) A set of elements written in a row. ์‹œํ€ธ์Šค๋ž€ ์•„๋ž˜ ์˜ˆ์ œ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์š”์†Œ๋“ค์˜ ์ง‘ํ•ฉ. Examples: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, … 2, 4, 6, 8, … 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, …...

์ด์‚ฐ์ˆ˜ํ•™ ์š”์ ์ •๋ฆฌ (3/5)

Propositional logic ๋ช…์ œ ๋…ผ๋ฆฌ ๋ฌธ์ œ 1. ์ง„๋ฆฌ๊ฐ’ ์ž‘์„ฑ ๋ฌธ์ œ : ํ‘œํ˜„์‹์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ์ง„๋ฆฌ๊ฐ’์„ T ๋˜๋Š” F๋กœ ์ฑ„์šฐ์‹œ์˜ค. (์Œ์˜ ์˜์—ญ์— ์ •๋‹ต ํ‘œ์‹œ) P Q expression Value T T P V Q T T F P Λ ¬ Q T F T P → Q T F F ¬P ↔ Q F 2. ๋ช…์ œ์‹์œผ๋กœ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ: ๋‹ค์Œ์„ ๋ช…์ œ์‹์œผ๋กœ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜์‹œ์˜ค. "ํ†ฐ์€ ์ˆ˜ํ•™ ์ „๊ณต์ด๊ณ , ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ์‹ธ์ด์–ธ์Šค ์ „๊ณต์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋‹ค." P: ํ†ฐ์€ ์ˆ˜ํ•™ ์ „๊ณต์ด๋‹ค. Q: ํ†ฐ์€ ์ปด์‹ธ ์ „๊ณต์ด๋‹ค. ๋“œ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฐ„์˜ ๋ฒ•์น™์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ํ‘œํ˜„์˜ ๋ถ€์ •์„ ์ž‘์„ฑํ•˜๊ณ , ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ์ ์œผ์‹œ์˜ค. ๋‹ต: ๋ช…์ œ์‹์œผ๋กœ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๊ธฐ P Λ ¬ Q (ํ†ฐ์€ ์ˆ˜ํ•™ ์ „๊ณต์ด๊ณ , ์ปด์‹ธ ์ „๊ณต์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.) ๋“œ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฐ„ ๋ฒ•์น™ ์ ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ¬ (P Λ ¬ Q) = ¬ P V Q (๋“œ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฐ„ ๋ฒ•์น™) c. ์˜๋ฏธ ¬ ..

์ด์‚ฐ์ˆ˜ํ•™ ์š”์ ์ •๋ฆฌ (2/5)

Predicate logic (์ˆ ์–ด ๋…ผ๋ฆฌ) 1. Basics / ๊ธฐ์ดˆ Predicates (์ˆ ์–ด) : ์†์„ฑ๊ณผ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. ๋ช…์ œ์™€๋Š” ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ, ์ฃผ์–ด์™€ ์ˆ ์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฐธ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ง“์„ ํŒ๋‹จํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ˆ ์–ด๋Š” ํ•œ์ •๋œ ์ˆ˜์˜ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ด๋ฉฐ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ํŠน์ • ๊ฐ’์ด ๋Œ€์ฒด ๋  ๋•Œ ๋ช…๋ น๋ฌธ์ด ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ˆ ์–ด์—๋Š” ํ•˜๋‚˜ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๊ฐ€์žˆ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ : student (x), mother (x, y) ์ˆ ์–ด ๊ณ„์‚ฐ (Predicate Calculus) : ๋ช…์ œ ํ•จ์ˆ˜(Propositional Function)๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ) She is a student. ์ฃผ์–ด : She -> x ์ˆ ์–ด : is a student. -> P(x) P(x) : x is a student. P ์ž์ฒด๋Š” ๋ช…์ œ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ณ , ๋ณ€์ˆ˜ x๊ฐ€ ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ๊ฐ’์œผ๋กœ ์น˜..

์ด์‚ฐ์ˆ˜ํ•™ ์š”์ ์ •๋ฆฌ (1/5)

Propositional (๋ช…์ œ) 1. Statements (Propositions) / ๋ช…์ œ Propositions (๋ช…์ œ) : ์ฐธ์ด๋‚˜ ๊ฑฐ์ง“์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฌธ์žฅ. ๋‹จ, ๋‘˜ ๋‹ค ์ผ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†๋‹ค. Propositional Logic (๋ช…์ œ ๋…ผ๋ฆฌ) : ๋ช…์ œ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค๋ฃฌ๋‹ค. Propositional Constants (๋ช…์ œ ์ƒ์ˆ˜) : T - ์ฐธ, F - ๊ฑฐ์ง“ Propositional Variables (๋ช…์ œ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜) : T๋‚˜ F๊ฐ’์„ ๊ฐ€์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ณ€์ˆ˜ Atomic Propositions (์›์ž ๋ช…์ œ) : ๋ช…์ œ ์ƒ์ˆ˜, ๋ช…์ œ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜, ๋ช…์ œ๋Š” ๋” ์„ธ๋ถ„ํ™” ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค. Compound Propositions (ํ•ฉ์„ฑ ๋ช…์ œ) : ์›์ž ๋ช…์ œ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ ๊ฒƒ์„, ๋…ผ๋ฆฌ์—ฐ์‚ฐ์ž๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•œ ๊ฒƒ. 2. Basic logical connective..

์ด์‚ฐ์ˆ˜ํ•™ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ

F ํ•™์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งˆ๋ฌด๋ฆฌํ•œ ๋‚˜์˜ ์ด์‚ฐ์ˆ˜ํ•™ ์ˆ˜์—…. ์ˆ˜์—…๋ฃŒ๋„ ์•„๊น๊ณ  ์‹œ๊ฐ„๋„ ์•„๊น๋„ ๋ชจ๋“ ๊ฒŒ ์•„์‰ฌ์› ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋จธ๋ฆฌ ์†์—” ๋‚จ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ... ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๊ณต๋ถ€๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ •๋ฆฌํ•˜์ž. ์ด๋ฒˆ์—” ๋‚ด ๋ฐฉ์‹๋Œ€๋กœ! ๊ทผ๋ฐ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ 2% ํ• ์ธ ์‹คํ™”๋ƒ... -_ ใ…ก;;;;;; ํ˜น์‹œ๋‚˜ ํ•ด์„œ ๊ตฌ๊ธ€๋ง ํ•ด๋ณด๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ฆฌ๋ทฐ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค. ๋งž๋‹ค. ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณด๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ์ˆ˜ํ•™์ฑ…์€ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋งŒ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด ์•ˆ๋˜๊ณ  ํ’€์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ์—†์œผ๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ์ˆ˜ํ•™ ์ด๋ก ๋งŒ ์™ธ์›Œ์„œ๋Š” ์•„๋ฌด๊ฒƒ๋„ ์•ˆ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฑธ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ–ˆ์—ˆ์ง€. ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๊ณ 2๋•Œ์˜€๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ง€๊ธˆ๋„ ์ˆ˜ํ•™ ์ด๋ก ์ด๋‚˜ ๊ณต์‹ ๊ฐ™์€๊ฑฐ ์ฝ”๋”ฉํ•ด๋ณด๊ณ  ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋ณธ ํ›„์— "์•„, ์ดํ•ดํ–ˆ๋‹ค" ์ด๋Ÿฌ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์•„์„œ ์ข€ ๋” ์นœ์ ˆํ•œ ์ฑ…์„ ์ฐพ์•„๋ด์•ผํ•  ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์€๋ฐ, ๊ทธ๋Ÿด ๋งŒํ•œ ์ฑ…์ด ์—†์–ด๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์ผ๋‹จ ๋ชฉ์ฐจ๋งŒ ์ฐธ๊ณ ํ•ด์„œ ํ•˜๋‚˜์”ฉ ๊ฒ€์ƒ‰ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑธ๋กœ ํ•ด์•ผ๊ฒ ๋„ค...? ์–ด๋ ค์›Œ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค. ๋„์‘..

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